Category Archives: Tak Berkategori

Vaccination associations and public concern Beyond the true vaccine reactions that are well documented, the notion that vaccine could be responsible  for serious health problems has led to many allegations and many scientific reviews. Some allegations often based on unfounded … Continue reading →

Tetanus toxoid vaccine example Tetanus is caused by bacteria that enter the body through open wounds. The bacteria cause an increased  tightening of muscles, resulting in spasms, stiffness, and arching of the spine. Ultimately breathing becomes more difficult, and spasms … Continue reading →

Tetanus Worldwide, all countries are committed to “elimination” of maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT), i.e. a reduction of neonatal tetanus incidence to below one case per 1000 live births per year in every district.  All women of  of childbearing   age, … Continue reading →

Immunization  and pregnancy WHO’s Strategic Advisory Committee of WHO  (SAGE) has recently discussed seasonal influenza vaccination and recommended pregnant women as the most important risk group for seasonal influenza vaccination. SAGE also supported the recommendation,  in no particular order of … Continue reading →

Immunization and pregnancy Influenza Inactivated influenza vaccine is now recommended for pregnant women in many industrialized countries because of evidence  of benefit to the mother and the infant. LAV vaccines pose a theoretical risk to the fetus and are generally … Continue reading →

BCG vaccination for infants at risk for HIV infection As in infants symptoms of HIV-infection rarely appear before several months of age, BCG vaccination should be administered to those infants regardless of HIV exposure, especially considering the high endemicity of … Continue reading →

Immunizing the immunocompromised People may be immunocompromised due to HIV/AIDS, congenital immune deficiencies or drug treatments such as chemotherapy for cancer and other conditions  and high dose steroids. The potential risks of live vaccines need to be weighed against the … Continue reading →

Anaphylaxis Using adrenaline to treat anaphylaxis Adrenaline stimulates the heart and reverse the spasm in the blood vessels and the lung passages, reduces oedema and urticaria, thus countering the anaphylaxis. But this very potent agent can cause irregular heartbeat, heart … Continue reading →

Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis of unknown cause and unrelated to vaccines increases during adolescense, being more common among girls. Vaccinators should be able to distinguish anaphylaxis from fainting and vasovagal syncope (which is also common in adolescents), as well as anxiety and … Continue reading →

Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a very rare allergic reaction (one in a million vaccinees), unexpected, and can be fatal if not dealt with adequately. Vaccine antigens and components can cause this allergic reaction. These reactions can be local or systemic and … Continue reading →