Author Archives: azaleaazelia

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      Other factors affecting Glomerular filtration rate Renal cells produce a battery of chemicals, many of which act as paracrines (local signaling molecules) : Prostaglandin E2  (PGE2) : The vasodilatory paracrine PGE2, counteracts vasoconstriction by norepinephrine  and angiotensin … Continue reading →

    EXTRINSIC CONTROLS (NEURAL AND HORMONAL MECHANISM) The purpose of the  extrinsic controls regulating the glomerular filtration rate is to maintain systemic blood pressure – sometimes to the detriment of the kidneys. Symphatetic nervous system controls Neural renal controls … Continue reading →

      Regulation of glomerular filtration Glomerular filtration rate is regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic controls. These two types of controls serve two different (and sometimes opposing) needs. The kidneys need a relatively constant glomerular filtration rate in … Continue reading →

      Glomerular filtration Glomerular filtration is a passive process in which hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through a membrane. The glomeruli can be viewed as simple mechanical filters because filtrate formation does not consume metabolic energy. The … Continue reading →

  Urine formation and the adjustment of blood composition involve three major processes: glomerular filtration by the glomeruli, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion in the renal tubules. In addition, the collecting ducts work in concert with the nephrons to make … Continue reading →

    JUXTA GLOMERULAR APPARATUS Each nephron has a region called a juxtaglomerular apparatus, where the most distal portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle lies against the afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus (and sometimes the efferent … Continue reading →