The coronavirus spike (S) protein attaches to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that is found on the surface of many human cells, including those in the lungs allowing virus entry. The coronavirus S protein is subjected to proteolytic cleavages by host proteases (i.e. trypsin and furin), in two sites located at the boundary between the S1 and S2 subunits (S1/S2 site). In a later stage happens the cleavage of the S2 domain (S2′ site) in order to release the fusion peptide. This event will trigger the activation of the membrane fusion mechanism.
Novel 2019 Coronavirus structure part 9
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