Dipeptydil peptidase 4 (DPP4, also known as CD26) was identified as a functional receptor for MERS-CoV and it is relatively conserved among mammalian species. Published results indicated that  MERS-CoV can infect and replicate in most cell lines derived from human, non-human primate, bat, swine, goat, horse, rabbit, civet, and camel, but not from mice, hamster, dog, ferret, and cat. DPP4 from camel, goat, cow and sheep  can be also recognized by MERS-CoV and can support MERS-CoV replication.