In addition to excellent proliferation and differentiation potential, mesenchymal stem cells possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions by modulating T and B cells and inducing anti-inflammatory factors, which may enhance their regenerative power (Abumaree et al., 2012; Im, 2016). Compared with the numerous in vitro and in vivo studies published in this field, few  clinical studies have investigated the regeneration of articular cartilage and treatment of osteoarthritis.