Some clinics, however, that are engaged in the provision of treatment modalities that lack evidence-or an appropriate rationale for application of that modality to particular medical conditions-often use what have been described as “tokens of scientific legitimacy” to lend credence to treatments offered or the quality of a clinic and its associated professionals. Examples of such tokens of legitimacy include patient or celebrity testimonials and endorsements, clinician affiliations or memberships in academic or professional societies, registrations in clinical trials, claims of various types of certifications or awards, and others.