For what diseases or conditions are stem cell treatments well established?

The range of diseases for which there are proven treatments based on stem cells is still extremely small. Disorders of the blood and immune system and acquired loss of bone marrow function can, in some cases, be treated effectively with blood stem cell transplantation.

Doctors have been transferring blood stem cells by bone marrow transplant for more than 50 years, and advanced techniques for collecting blood stem cells are now used clinically. Umbilical cord blood, like bone marrow, is often collected as a source of blood stem cells and is being used experimentally as an alternative to bone marrow transplantation.

Other tissue-specific stem cells may also play a role in tissue  transplants that have been performed for several years. For tissues and organs such as skin and cornea, stem cells contained. in these tissues contribute long-term regeneration.

Other stem cell treatments are still experimental. This means that it has not yet been shown that this treatment is safe or that it will work.