Mesenchymal stem cells have a potential to differentiate into undesired tissues, including bone and cartilage. Encapsulated structures were found in the infarcted areas of myocardium after transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. Study conducted by Yoon et colleagues showed that transplantation of unfractionated bone marrow-derived cells into acutely infarcted myocardium may induce development of intra-myocardial calcification.