Late-phase reactions are characterized by induced production of mediators such as leukotrienes, chemokines, and cytokines, which are not performed. Therefore, the effects of these mediators are seen later into the course, usually hours after the onset of an anaphylactic reaction. The late-phase effects include activation and recruitment of TH2 inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as promulgation of the smooth muscle contraction and vasodilatation initiated by the immediate-phase reactants.